How to use the VAT Calculator
- Enter the amount.
- Choose a country or type a custom VAT rate.
- Choose whether to add VAT to a net price or remove VAT from a gross price.
- Optional: check a mixed-rate basket with explicit rates for each line.
How to add VAT
Gross price = net price × (1 + VAT rate). For 20% VAT on £100: £100 × 1.20 = £120, of which £20 is VAT.
How to remove VAT (reverse VAT)
Net price = gross price ÷ (1 + VAT rate). A common mistake is to subtract 20% from the gross price — that gives the wrong answer. For a £120 price including 20% VAT: £120 ÷ 1.20 = £100, so the VAT is £20, not £24.
Standard VAT rates
| Country | Standard rate | Reduced rates |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 20% | 5%, 0% |
| Germany | 19% | 7% |
| France | 20% | 10%, 5.5%, 2.1% |
| Italy | 22% | 10%, 5%, 4% |
| Spain | 21% | 10%, 4% |
| Netherlands | 21% | 9% |
| Belgium | 21% | 12%, 6% |
| Ireland | 23% | 13.5%, 9% |
| Portugal | 23% | 13%, 6% |
| Austria | 20% | 13%, 10% |
| Poland | 23% | 8%, 5% |
| Sweden | 25% | 12%, 6% |
| Denmark | 25% | — |
| Finland | 25.5% | 14%, 10% |
| Greece | 24% | 13%, 6% |
| Switzerland | 8.1% | 2.6%, 3.8% |
| Norway | 25% | 15%, 12% |
| Morocco | 20% | 14%, 10%, 7% |
| South Africa | 15% | — |
| United Arab Emirates | 5% | — |
| Saudi Arabia | 15% | — |
| Australia (GST) | 10% | — |
| New Zealand (GST) | 15% | — |
| Canada (GST) | 5% | — |
| India (GST) | 18% | 5%, 12%, 28% |
Rates change from time to time. Always confirm with your tax authority before filing.
VAT calculators by country
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between VAT and sales tax?
VAT is charged at every stage of production and businesses reclaim the VAT they pay; sales tax is charged once at the final sale. To the consumer, both add a percentage to the price.
How do I calculate VAT from a total?
Divide the total by (1 + rate) to get the net amount, then subtract it from the total. With 20% VAT, VAT = total ÷ 6.